The term Tiki carved human figures generally, both Maori and Polynesians used by others. The name may be associated with the myth of Tiki, the first man created by Tane. On the other hand, Tiki or Tikitiki as a general term for carving in many parts of Polynesia, for example, Niue, where the Tiki myth is unknown and human figures were carved. In New Zealand, Tiki, however, typically applied to the carved figure of a man in a green stone necklace. Full name of university-Tiki.
It has been suggested that they represent a symbol of fertility charm jewelry, the human embryo, and is worn only by women. However, in early European visitors saw the men with higher education-Tiki "and it is likely that the low form of the figure the hardness of the material affected, and this is equivalent to an embryo, and then with a magic powers. Forms, pearl necklace, probably due to the fact that Tiki often adze blade. Snap and the bit of green stone, were the terms of prestige and a green stone adze suitable for conversion to a wiki page. There are a few examples of semi-Tiki of the existing rate of origin of the axes, and sometimes small closed Tiki saw traces of the original end of the cut blade design, which You can usually walk.
Tiki or heitiki often made of jade, stone, jade and partners were held in several locations around the South Island of New Zealand. This is called Pounamu Maori, New Zealand greenstone English. Title Maoris in the South Island Te Wai Pounamu, refers to this stone. There are traditional accounts for a stone, which they refer to children Tangaroa. This is a very hard stone and hard work, especially if primitive grinding tools available for the Neolithic Maori. Tics in the form shown here is unique in New Zealand and probably the archetype artifact Maori, although the use of Tiki fertility symbols often throughout Polynesia.
Green stone, like jade, is a beautiful stone - and highly variable in form - is classified as semi-precious stones. Varieties of Maori names. His splendor will with age, allegedly after being on the skin. Tiki were worn around the neck - the hot part of the name carries this implication. They are more frequent, but not exclusively, worn by women in recent times. Suspension is usually vertical, but some of them displayed on their side.
Some traditional Tiki in bone and ivory from the teeth or bones of the whale is currently done, but as bone Tiki is now widely used for commercial purposes, Tiki bones displayed in the shop recently and beef bones. Most of them are one-Tiki, but some are reversible, and this figure on both sides.
While the Maori population of New Zealand to 1000 BC, the historical origins of the Tiki is not included because it is virtually no archaeological data. For an object value, it is not surprising, since few of them have been lost or discarded. Usually, though, and refers to the last part of the history of New Zealand, such as jade is rare in the first objects. They were, of course, used at the time of first contact with Europeans. Some traditional Tiki have names and stories of how in the past. Others have upgraded the suspension to replace the old holes were carried through, they show a lot of effort over a long period.
Place of production of jade jewelry and tools were found on the east coast of South Island. However, tools and ornaments are widely used in the North Island, where the majority of the population lives. Trade and exchange, it seems, were not finished at all, since regional styles of nephrite ornaments in the North Island, at least part of the training was recommended in the area, whether it's green stone or native stone adze blades.
There is some variety in the form of Tiki, but this option is not very well studied in the region of origin. The Head tilt left or right, seems to have no meaning. Significant differences between Tiki with upright head and the head tilted to one side. The most likely explanation for this latter form is that it comes naturally from the use of rectangular blade Tesla as a raw material. Ax blade iron and shovel fast jade adze in the early 19 th century and was replaced on the market all the more commercially Tiki. Other options in the provision of weapons. In some of the weapons asymmetrical with one hand on the trunk, not feet, or mouth.
Eyes often filled with red wax of European origin. Growth was in the eyes of the old Tiki, and Paua some (Haliotus, abalone) shell eyes.
Check in 19 century technology allows a large outbreak in commercial production Tiki Zealand primarily for the new market. Many of the anticipated date of the old Tiki late 19 th century and show details such as the suspension of the perforation is only one side. Some nephrite ornaments were gold mounted in the 19 century. Also, it does not necessarily mean jade ornaments from that date.
Prestige stay Tiki tags Zealand today inheritance (toanga) in families of Maori and European families. They are Maori on ceremonial occasions. Most of them are not old Tiki and certain commercial products of the 19 century, but still highly prized treasures of their respective owners.
Materials used
Hey Tiki, as a rule, Pounamu (green stone), and worn around the neck. They are often erroneously called "Tiki, a term that actually refers to a large human figures carved from wood and small wood carvings used to refer to sacred sites.
Theory of the origin college-Tiki involves contact with Tiki, the first man in Māori legend. After Horatio Robley, there are two ideas behind the symbolism of the university-Tiki: they are either ancestral memories, or represent the goddess of birth, Hineteiwaiwa. The logic of the idea at first that they were often buried when their Kaitiaki (guardian) and died to be extracted and placed in a special place to put in the time tangihanga will. As for the idea Hineteiwaiwa, hey-Tiki often women, given the difficulties of designing a family of her husband.
The most valuable are the hey-Tiki carved from green stone, or Pounamu. New Zealand jade or green stone (like Jade, Pounamu in Maori) or Bowenite (Maori: Tangiwai). Pounamu Maori prized for its beauty, strength and hardness, it is not only used for jewelry, such as Hei-Tiki and ear pendants, but also for carving tools, axes and guns. Named varieties of green translucent Kahurangi, inanga whitish, translucent or Bowenite Kawakawa Tangiwai.
Nature Hey Tiki
Traditionally, there are several types of Hei-Tiki which differed in shape. Modern-hui-Tiki, but can be divided into two types. The first type is rather delicate. with a title report / body about 30/70, with small details included, such as ears, elbows and knees. Head on a hillside, and laid his hand on the thigh and another on his chest. Eyes are relatively small. The second type is usually heavier than the first. His head is 40/60 ratio to the body, both hands on hips, eyes and proportionately more.
Manufacturing
Size and style of the classic examples of university-Tiki, pearl beads, it is likely that the stone was carved in the shape of a small shovel. Leaning his head Pitau many Hei Tiki village property stone - its hardness and high costs make it important that the height of the stone to be removed should be kept to a minimum. Creating a university-Tiki is a traditional long and difficult process, where the stone is smoothed friction abrasive and, finally, using sticks and water is formed slowly and drilled holes. After polishing time consuming process, supporters of the conclusion of braided rope hung and secured switching and loops.
current popularity
use other Taonga (goods more expensive) as objects of personal adornment carved bone in the form of earrings and necklaces. For many Maori, the wearing of these items relates to Māori cultural identity. They are also popular among young New Zealanders of all issues related to the trailer a total sense of identity in New Zealand. Several artistic collectives were Maori tribal groups. These groups are the creation and export of jewelry (eg, bone carving of supporters from the traditional fish hook university Mata and other jewelry green stone), and other artistic elements (such as wood carvings and fabrics). Several players have recently appeared in films shot in major New Zealand again to wear jewelry is the future, including Viggo Mortensen Lord of the Rings fame, took to wearing the university Matau around his neck. These trends have contributed to worldwide interest in Maori culture and traditional arts.
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